Quartz tuning fork sensor8/31/2023 Yildirim A, Ozturk FE, Bayindir M (2013) Smelling in chemically complex environments: an Optofluidic Bragg fiber Array for differentiation of methanol adulterated beverages. Zhang L, Qi H, Wang Y, Yang L, Yu P, Mao L (2014) Effective visualization assay for alcohol content sensing and methanol differentiation with solvent stimuli-responsive supramolecular ionic materials. Paine AJ, Dayan AD (2011) Defining a tolerable concentration of methanol in alcoholic drinks. Tisch U, Haick H (2010) Arrays of chemisensitive monolayer-capped metallic nanoparticles for diagnostic breath testing. Smyth H, Cozzolino D (2013) Instrumental methods (spectroscopy, electronic nose, and tongue) as tools to predict taste and aroma in beverages: advantages and limitations. Mallet AM, Davis AB, Davis DR, Panella J, Wallace KJ, Bonizzoni M (2015) A cross reactive sensor array to probe divalent metal ions. James D, Scott MS, Ali Z, O'Hare TW (2005) Chemical sensors for electronic nose systems. Munoz-Munoz AC, Grenier AC, Gutierrez-Pulido H, Cervantes-Martinez J (2008) Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography-diode Array detection method for the determination of aging markers in tequila. It can detect ethanol adulteration where the methanol concentration is as low as 5%. A portable hand-held prototype sensor has been developed which displays the percentage of two alcohols it is exposed to. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors to ethanol and methanol vapors has been investigated. Secondly, the nature of change in resonance frequency was used to determine the type of alcohol exposed to the sensor. The resulting shift in the resonance frequency of the QTF was firstly used to determine the concentration of alcohol vapor, which is reflected in the amount of shift. A mixture of methanol and ethanol vapors in varying concentrations was exposed to the QTF polymer system. Exposure to organic vapors causes the resonance frequency of the functionalized QTF to change, and this can be used to identify the type and concentration of the analyte. The sensor is based on the use of quartz tuning forks (QTFs) that were functionalized with polymer wires made from a combination of polystyrene (PS) and aniline. Differently modified array of QTFs along with the use of LDA can be a useful pathway towards development of a QTF based sensor array for human breath analysis.The authors describe a sensor capable of detecting methanol adulteration of ethanol. For this purpose, features extracted from sensor responses -shift in resonant frequency, response time and recovery time of the sensors- have been used as features in the model. Linear Discriminants Analysis (LDA) has been used to classify seven different VOCs. Two differently modified QTFs have been used to detect 1 ppm of 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-butanediol and 20 ppm of cyclohexanone. The sensor has been developed using modified Quartz Tuning Forks (QTFs) with the intent of developing an array of such sensors identifying different VOCs present in a healthy human’s breath. The selectivity of the sensor towards these two compounds in the presence of other VOCs commonly present in human breath like acetone, ethanol and methanol has been studied. CH and BD have been reported to be present in the exhaled human breath of breast cancer patients in ppm levels and can be used to distinguish between a healthy person and a person with breast cancer. Except for BD and CH, the rest of the VOCs are present in a healthy person in ppm levels. In the present work, a sensor has been developed to detect VOCs such as 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-butanediol (BD), and cyclohexanone (CH), acetone, methanol and ethanol. These changes in the concentration or the occurrence of a particular VOC can be used as signature of a particular disease in a person. Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in the exhaled human breath whose concentration can vary depending on the physiological changes occurring within a human being.
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